# Copper cladding thickness calculator

> Convert copper volume fraction to radial cladding thickness, benchmarked against the ASTM B452 floor (≥10%) and the IEC 62561-2 radial coatings for copper-coated steel earth electrodes.

## Formula

t = (D/2)(1 − √(1 − v)). Exact geometry for a uniform concentric cladding.
Benchmarks: ASTM B452 ≥10% Cu by volume; IEC 62561-2 radial coatings 70-250 μm for copper-coated steel earth electrodes.

Interactive tool: /tools/calc-cladding-thickness/